Write A Will, Witnessing A Will.

Write A Will, Witnessing A Will.
🔵Write A Will.
২:১৮০
كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ
তোমালোকৰ মাজত যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ সময় উপস্থিত হ’ব, সি যদি ধন-সম্পদ ৰাখি যায়, তেন্তে প্ৰচলিত ন্যায়-নীতি অনুযায়ী তাৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃ আৰু আত্মীয় স্বজনৰ বাবে অছিয়ত কৰাৰ বিধান তোমালোকক দিয়া হ’ল। এইটো মুত্তাক্বীসকলৰ কৰ্তব্য।
(📍Note:
The sectarian teachings claim that this verse was abrogated(💥see bottom) by hadith stating, "there is no more leaving inheritance through will for relatives." Prophet Muhammed will complain about those who have traded the Quran with fabricated hadith (25:30)(edip)
(📍Note:
Any oversight or leftover from the will shall be distributed according to portions Divinely assigned in 4:11. Please remember that most Muslims forget this point, and some ‘authorities’ even revoke 2:180! How can a father will to impart equal portions to two of his sons when one of them might be righteous and needy, and the other one wicked and prodigal? ‘When death approaches any of you’ carries the reminder that it is always close and unpredictable. At the same time, it takes into account the final assets of a person(sa).
**
🔵Witnessing A Will.
৫:১০৬
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَأَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ ۚ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَنًا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۙ وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ
হে মুমিনসকল! তোমালোকৰ কাৰোবাৰ যেতিয়া মৃত্যু উপস্থিত হয় তেতিয়া অছিয়ত কৰাৰ সময়ত তোমালোকৰ মাজৰ দুজন ন্যায়পৰায়ণ লোকক সাক্ষী ৰাখিবা; অথবা যদি তোমালোক ভ্ৰমণত থাকোতে তোমালোকক মৃত্যুৰ বিপদে আহি ধৰে তেন্তে আন মানুহৰ (অমুছলিমসকলৰ) পৰা দুজন মানুহক সাক্ষী মনোনীত কৰিবা। যদি তোমালোকৰ সন্দেহ হয় তেন্তে উভয়কে ছালাতৰ পিছত অপেক্ষাত ৰাখিবা। তাৰ পিছত সিহঁতে আল্লাহৰ নামত শপত কৰি ক’ব, ‘আমি ইয়াৰ বিনিময়ত কোনো মূল্য গ্ৰহণ নকৰোঁ যদিও সি আমাৰ কোনো আত্মীয়ই নহওঁক কিয় আৰু আমি আল্লাহৰ সাক্ষী গোপন নকৰোঁ, (যদি আমি এনেকুৱা কৰো তেন্তে) নিশ্চয় আমি পাপিষ্ঠসকলৰ অন্তৰ্ভূক্ত হম’।
**
৪:১১-১২
يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ۚ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ ۚ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۗ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا ۚ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
আল্লাহে তোমালোকক তোমালোকৰ সন্তান সম্পৰ্কে এই নিৰ্দেশ দিছে যে, এজন পুত্ৰৰ অংশ দুজনী কন্যাৰ অংশৰ সমান; কিন্তু যদি কেৱল দুজনীতকৈ বেছি কন্যা থাকে তেন্তে তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ তিনি ভাগৰ দুভাগ, আৰু কেৱল এজনী কন্যা থাকিলে তেন্তে তাইৰ বাবে অৰ্ধাংশ। সন্তান থাকিলে (মৃত ব্যক্তিৰ) পিতৃ-মাতৃ উভয়ৰে পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ ছয় ভাগৰ এভাগ; সি (মৃত ব্যক্তি) নিঃসন্তান হ’লে আৰু পিতৃ-মাতৃ উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হ’লে তাৰ মাকৰ বাবে তিনি ভাগৰ এভাগ; আৰু যদি তাৰ ভাই-ভনী থাকে তেনেহ’লে মাকৰ বাবে ছয় ভাগৰ এভাগ; এইবোৰ বন্টন হ’ব তাৰ অছিয়ত আৰু ঋণ পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ পিছত। তোমালোকৰ পিতা আৰু সন্তানসকলৰ মাজত কোন বেছি উপকাৰী সেয়া তোমালোকে নাজানা। এই বিধান আল্লাহৰ; নিশ্চয় আল্লাহ সৰ্বজ্ঞ, প্ৰজ্ঞাময়।
৪:১২(Inheritance For the Spouses).
۞ وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۚ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۗ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَىٰ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ ۚ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ
তোমালোকৰ স্ত্ৰীসকলৰ পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ অৰ্ধাংশ তোমালোকৰ বাবে, যদি সিহঁতৰ কোনো সন্তান নাথাকে আৰু সিহঁতৰ সন্তান থাকিলে তোমালোকৰ বাবে সিহঁতৰ পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ চাৰি ভাগৰ এভাগ; অছিয়ত পালন আৰু ঋণ পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ পিছত। তোমালোকৰ সন্তান নাথাকিলে সিহঁতৰ বাবে তোমালোকৰ পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ চাৰি ভাগৰ এভাগ, আৰু তোমালোকৰ সন্তান থাকিলে সিহঁতৰ বাবে তোমালোকৰ পৰিত্যক্ত সম্পত্তিৰ আঠ ভাগৰ এভাগ; তোমালোকে যি অছিয়ত কৰিবা সেয়া প্ৰদান কৰাৰ পিছত আৰু ঋণ পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ পিছত। আৰু যদি কোনো পুৰুষ অথবা নাৰীৰ ‘কালালাহ’ বা পিতৃ-মাতৃ আৰু সন্তানহীন উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হয়, আৰু কেৱল তাৰ এজন ককায়েক-ভায়েক অথবা এজনী বায়েক-ভনীয়েক থাকে তেন্তে প্ৰত্যেকৰে বাবে ছয় ভাগৰ এভাগ। সিহঁত ইয়াৰ অধিক হ’লে সকলোৱে তিনি ভাগৰ এভাগত সমান অংশীদাৰ হ’ব; এইবোৰ বন্টন কৰা হ'ব, যিটো অছিয়ত কৰা হয় সেইটো পালন কৰাৰ পিছত আৰু ঋণ পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ পিছত, কাৰো ক্ষতি নকৰাকৈ। এইটো হৈছে আল্লাহৰ নিৰ্দেশ; আৰু আল্লাহ সৰ্বজ্ঞ, সহনশীল।
(📍Note of 4:11

In this and following verses and from 2:180 we learn that priority is given to the will in the distribution of inheritance. According to these verses, first the debt is paid and the distribution according to the will is fulfilled. This Quranic rule allows the testator and the testatrix to adjust their will depending on specific conditions and needs of the inheritors or other personal issues. For instance, one may leave more inheritance to a daughter whom might be more in need than the others might. The testator or the testatrix might leave more to someone who is sick or handicapped. The Quran, by giving precedence to the will over the default distribution provides flexibility and thus accommodates special circumstances. Unfortunately, unable to comprehend the wisdom behind this divine arrangement, the followers of hadith and sunna have abrogated these verses via hadith fabrications and sectarian rules and thereby have deprived the so-called Muslims from God's mercy(edip).
(📍Note-4:11-The stipulated shares will be counted first before proceeding with rest of the distribution - the ‘wa’ here indicates ‘but’ as at many other places - If two or more daughters are the only inheritors, they get two-thirds. - If only one daughter is left, she gets one-half. - If the deceased has left any children, then parents get one-sixth each first before further distribution. - If there are no children, and parents are the only heirs, each of them gets a third first before further distribution. - If the deceased has left brothers or sisters, the mother gets one-sixth and the father gets one third. Remember, this distribution shall take place after fulfilling the will of the deceased and after paying off all debts. As for your parents and your children, you know not which of them is more deserving of benefit from you. Such is the ordinance from God. God is Knower, Wise(sa).
(📍Note-4:12

After paying the debt and distributing the shares according to the will, the inheritance will be distributed if the diseased had a mother, father, or wife, and the rest will be distributed to men and women according to the instructed ratio. It is important to remember that the ratio of shares instructed by the Quran to each other is as important as their ratio to the whole. In brief, the fractions are compared both to the whole and to each other. A deceased person might leave behind hundreds of combinations of relatives, father or no father, mother or no mother, son or no son, one son or more sons, daughter or no daughter, one daughter or more daughters, brother or no brother, one brother or more brothers, sister or no sister, one sister or more sisters, and numerous combinations among them. If the Quran suggested the fractions as merely their ratio compared to the whole inheritance, since for each combination of inheritors the ratios too would need to be changed, we would need hundreds of verses detailing the ratio for each combination. However, when we comprehend that the ratio in suggested distributions also reflect the amount of inheritance in proportion to each other, the verses about inheritance can easily be understood and implemented.

For instance, let us assume that after deducting the debt and other shares, a man left a 50 thousand dollar inheritance to his wife and father without specially allocating the shares. Their shares should be 1/4th and 1/6th, respectively. Thus, the formula would be (1/4)+(1/6)=50,000. If we find the common denominator, then we see the ratio of inheritance as much clearer. When we take the common denominator, the numerator start to make sense in comparison to the share of each inheritor and to the inheritance: (3/12)+(2/12)=50,000. That means, the wife receives $30,000 and the father receives $20,000 of the inheritance. In sum, to learn the default shares of inheritors the fractions indicating the shares are added up and equated to the inheritance. Let's assume that we are asked to distribute 19 gold pieces among two people; one will receive 1/5th and the other 1/3rd.

(k1 + k2 + ... + kn) * x = t

pn = kn * x

k1 = 1/5

k2 = 1/3

(1/3 + 1/5) * x = 19  x = 19 * 15 / 8

p1 = (1/5) * 19 * 15 / 8  p1= 7 + 1/8

p2 = (1/3) * 19 * 15 / 8  p2= 11 + 7/8

The Old Testament does deprive daughters of inheritance from their parents and favors the first born against other children. Under the patriarchs, the property of a diseased father was divided among the sons of his legal wives and their concubines would not get a share (Genesis 21:10 ; 24:36; 25:5). The Mosaic law made specific regulations regarding the distribution of real property, giving the eldest son a larger portion than the rest. Deuteronomy 21:17 ; Numbers 27:8 ; 36:6; 27:9(edip).
(📍Note-4:12
Please see 2:219, 2:180, 2:240, 4:8. For a deceased who has no ascendants or descendants, see further 4:176(sa).

.

💥Abrogated:

O you who believe, witnessing a will when one of you is dying shall be done by two equitable persons from among you, or two other persons, not from your people if you are travelling in the land and the disaster of death should strike you. If you have doubts about them, detain them after the Salat and let them swear by God: "We will not trade it for a price, even if he is related to us, nor will we conceal God's testimony, otherwise we would be sinners." 5:106

Abrogator:

Then, when they have fulfilled their interim, you may either keep them equitably, or part from them equitably. You shall have this witnessed by two just people from among you, and establish the testimony for God. 65:2

The claim is that in 5:106 any two witnesses, who are not necessarily relatives or close friends, can act as witnesses while in travel if relatives are not available, but this was invalidated by 65:2 which stated that the witnesses must be from among the relatives or close friends.

Once again, the claim is false for the following reasons:

1- The subject of 5:106 is witnessing the will of someone who is dying, or near death. The subject of 65:2 is witnessing a divorce.

2- In the situation of travel, a dying person may not have much time left, and since equitable relatives may not be available at the time, God waver the condition of the dying person's witnesses being from among the relatives, so that the will could be witnessed in time before the death of the person.

3- The case of divorce does not present such immediate urgency, and thus the condition of equitable witnesses from among the relatives stands.

4- It follows that 65:2 does not abrogate 5:106 in any way.(quran-islam).

.
💚 compiled💚 syedraf💚